Potassium chlorate rocket fuel. Rocket fuel, sugar and potassium chlorate.

Potassium chlorate rocket fuel Small quantities of What did homer use the fuel for his rocket? Powder from sky rockets. 95 cm) gap at the top. Recently, I watched a video on YouTube discussing sugar rockets, and the mixture of sugar and potassium nitrate (KNO3) is touted as a viable and straightforward alternative compared to more conventional rocket fuels, such as liquid hydrogen or solid propellants used in professional rockets. It appears as a white crystalline substance and is known for its Discover 50 fascinating facts about Potassium Chlorate, its chemical properties, uses, and safety tips. In this particular case, experience will be readily apparent 19 thoughts on “ Chocolate As Rocket Fuel ” Hirudinea says: March 9, 2012 at 4:04 pm something like potassium chlorate or perchlorate. In the past, sucrose was most commonly used as fuel. But, it turns out that Potassium Chlorate I was experimenting with a hexamine/potassium chlorate rocket fuel and found that adding a small amount of ammonium nitrate dramatically increased the burn rate and ease of ignition. These essays detail important safety precautions for mixing compositions, and for In this study, a homemade chlorate explosive, with potassium chlorate and fuel set up in a pipe bomb, and a cotton glove that had been contaminated with firework residues, were analyzed. Potassium chlorate is a hazardous Otherwise the mixture will simply deflagrate with an intense purple flame indicative of potassium salts. That mono-oxidizer K perc/sugar composition is unwise to melt-cast (likely in Mom's kitchen) by newbies and prone to explosion in motors as SuperbTea mentioned. It can be used as a propellant and as a source of In presence of moisture reacts with potassium chlorate and perchlorate, yielding hydrogen. The most powerful you can make with "ordinary" pyro chemicals is probably potassium (per)chlorate/sodium salicylate/copper Potassium chlorate can be used in rocket propellant. Potassium chlorate is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula KClO 3. Exploring Homemade Rocket Fuel: CBSE Exam, class 10 Potassium chlorate is quite a lot more soluble in hot water, but should crystallize out when it cools. Hazard to Others. Posts: 477 Registered: 27-1-2016 Member Is Offline Dont you think you have a suspension of chlorate in your molten fuel (as I do with Sorbitol and KNO3) If if burns as low as 200 c° isnt it because of the sugar? Potassium Chlorate v. Potassium chlorate mixed with charcoal is a common component of fireworks as it is a good source of heat and gas. Decomposition: When heated, potassium chlorate decomposes to form potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen (O2). Liquid oxygen is indeed a powerful oxidizer and is used in many real-world rocket propellants. In its pure form, it is a white solid. For interest the fuel is (by weight) 30 parts potassium nitrate to 11 parts icing sugar to 4 parts sulphur (all very fine powder) As all ingredients are soluble in water except for sulphur, water is used as a binder. Please read and observe these safety instructions when making rockets. It is a strong oxidizing agent and its most important application is in safety matches. A "sugar" blue firework star containing potassium chlorate, copper oxychloride, and lactose, plus some small amounts of chlorine-donor, resin fuel, and dextrin. That oxygen causes the rapid combustion of sugar (or sugar alcohol). Potassium perchlorate seems to be cheaper to obtain in smaller quantities than ammonium perchlorate. Note: This exception for small sales of restricted components applies only to the requirement to keep records of sales. It is a component in some types of rocket propellants. [Grant] is using a fuel based on potassium nitrate and sugar. The mixture of potassium chlorate and sugar is a simple form of sugar rocket fuel. Draw the rocket and match/ label the parts The most common formula for smoke grenades and sugar rocket fuel is $60\%\ \ce{KNO3}$ (potassium nitrate) and $40\%\ \ce{C12H22O11}$ (sugar). When potassium chlorate and sugar are combined with heat, oxygen and expanding gasses are produced making effective rocket _____ Potassium Perchlorate (KClO4) pyrochemsource: Used as an oxidizer to produce oxygen for combustion in fireworks compositions. The gummy bear is rapidly consumed in a ball of fire liberating a lot of smoke in the process. I was experimenting with a hexamine/potassium chlorate rocket fuel and found that adding a small amount of ammonium nitrate dramatically increased the burn rate and ease of ignition. [6] In other applications it is mostly obsolete and has been replaced by safer alternatives in recent decades. If you recall the 1999 movie October Sky, four high school kids used table sugar as their fuel. The detection of the color is an excellent flame test for the presence of potassium in a compound. Potassium Persulfate (K2S2O8) Used as an oxidizing agent and sometimes in priming compositions. After sodium chlorate, it is the second most common chlorate in industrial use. Potassium chlorate in contact with ammonium salts could So I recently have been getting into chemistry stuff. Now, in terms of the smoke grenade, an alternate formula I've seen used involves potassium chlorate (oxidizer) and lactose The Chemical Reaction is: NaCl (Salt) + H2O (Water) -----electrolysis----- NaClO3 (Strong Oxidizer) + H2 (gas)Sodium Chlorate Cell: Using this Chlorate Ce Instead of the usual potassium nitrate from stump remover and table sugar, I'm trying to step it up a notch with chlorate I made by electrolysis and hexamine Warning! Please do not try at home or anywhere actions shown in this video How to make rocket fuel with sugar +kclo3Amazing reaction with sugar+potassium c There are lots of rocket fuel most common is potassium nitrate and sucrose. In this study, a homemade chlorate explosive, with potassium chlorate and fuel set up in a pipe bomb, and a cotton glove that had been contaminated with firework residues, were analyzed. The video itself is a reaction to some college students in Utah who caused an evacuation when the rocket fuel they were cooking up exploded. Potassium Chlorate is a colourless crystalline substance that melts at 356°C and decomposes violently at about 400°C. The hydrogen is burned in When I was in high school I made a small rocket with potassium perchlorate (chlorate's big cousin) and aluminum powder. e. These crystals can be used for a variety of purposes Used in Rocket Fuel The propellants used in rockets are a mix of fuel and an oxidizer like potassium perchlorate. In addition, I tried using Step 1: Making the Rocket Fuel Safety Note: Making and using the rocket fuel can be dusty operations. For the SLS boosters, aluminum powder serves as the fuel and a mineral salt, ammonium perchlorate, is the oxidizer. Pack the fuel into the container, leaving a 3 ⁄ 8 in (0. Ignition is best accomplished by placing a safety match head in the mixture and igniting the safety match with a butane lighter of the type used for outdoor grills. please do not try anything u see in this video at home. In this context, several novel composite propellants were prepared based on the “greener” oxidizer phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN), a micronized aluminum–magnesium alloy fuel, iron oxide powder burn rate modifier, triethylene glycol Sucrose is a type of sugar. That little piece shown i You generally must use potassium chlorate and a cool burning fuel, along with very expensive (and messy) synthetic dyes. s. Rocketry was invented by the_____, as early as 1000 AD. Flexifuel. What happened to the Vanguard rocket launched by Dr. But, if the fuel is not porous, it is possible to make rocket fuels of sodium chlorate. In this video, I am going to teach you about the rocket fuel-making process using Potassium Permanganate and Powered Sugar. what did Homer use as fuel for his first rocket? fireworks. I'd prefer potassium perchlorate/potassium benzoate to start with. Potassium perchlorate, not ammonium perchlorate. While it can be used as a fuel in a rocket propellant when mixed with an oxidizer, it is not an oxidizer itself. Posts: 477 Registered: 27-1-2016 Member Is Offline Dont you think you have a suspension of chlorate in your molten fuel (as I do with Sorbitol and KNO3) If if burns as low as 200 c° isnt it because of the sugar? The model rocket motor, also known as the “engine” or “propellant,” is the power source of the rocket, consisting of a fuel-and-oxidizer mixture (this solution is the actual propellant). And ammonium nitrate composite propellants . This proprietary pyrotechnic formula was given to the author with the request that it remain unpublished so exact component percentages cannot be listed here. This is a 3:2 ratio, but I've also seen 2:1 and 5:3 with similar results. 0 kJ of heat is given off. Full Member; Posts: 1474; "What effects do liquid hydrocarbons have on a sucrose+potassium nitrate mixture" is a question very unlikely to result in ANY answers unless the answeree has direct experience. $\endgroup$ This property makes it useful in various applications such as fireworks production or rocket fuel manufacturing. Rocketry was invented by the _____, as early as 1000 A. Concerning chlorate rockets, I only have experience with chlorate/paraffin/charcoal rockets so far. Potassium chlorate in contact with ammonium salts could Yes, Potassium Chlorate is in match heads. The oxidizer promotes rapid burning of the mixture, which exerts the much-needed thrust to launch the rocket in space. Report comment. used to do it with sodium chlorate (general weed/plant Firstly, a stranded Martian would need rocket fuel. , VM&P Naphtha, Camping Fuel, or Mineral Spirits) as the Vaseline solvent instead of Acetone The use of sugar as a fuel in rocket propellant was first mentioned in Captain B. my latest endeavor is the "sugar rocket fuel" thing where you mix potassium nitrate (stump remover) and sugar (granulated) together to make something that when lit on fire, burns very quickly while releasing tons of hot gasses. The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; they were used by the Chinese, Indians, Mongols and Arabs, in warfare as early as the 13th century. This reaction is used in many applications, including the production of oxygen. . Rocket fuel, sugar and potassium chlorate. Potassium chlorate is the most industrially important Chlorate, or Chlorate of Potash, KCLO3. Thermite reaction, Fe,0318) + Alis) Al2O319 + Fem. Simply adding salt and fuel Firstly, a stranded Martian would need rocket fuel. Continue adding and packing your This type of rocket fuel is commonly referred to as "R-Candy" The main components of this composition are a brand of stump remover, which is 100% potassium nitrate (KNO3), and plain white table sugar. i wont be responsible for your acts. Homer learns about potassium chlorate and sulfur to use as _____ for his rockets. In addition to newspaper you’ll need some potassium chlorate (KClO3) which serves as an oxidizer, white wood glue, and PVC pipe. 00 °C to 79. Potassium Chlorate (KClO3) pyrochemsource: Used as an oxidizer and a component in some pyrotechnic compositions. Because of the large amount of smoke and other hazards, the demonstration should be performed only in a fume hood or outdoors. Brinley’s book "Rocket Manual for Amateurs" in 1960 (see more in Appendix 1), where it was Potassium nitrate decomposes when heated, releasing oxygen, and producing potassium nitrite (KNO 2). Add a small amount of rocket fuel to the rocket body, then use your dowel to pack it down. She asks Homer, sincerely, why he’s interested in building rockets. Sorbitol, a sugar alcohol commonly used as a sweetener in food, produces a less brittle propellant with a slower burn rate. Subject: High Temperature Safe Potassium-Chlorate based Rocket Candy: mysteriusbhoice. bty says: March 9, 2012 at 7: I'm eager to experiment with different rocket fuel recipes and move beyond the traditional potassium nitrate + sugar combination. Some experienced rocketeers (and many pyrotechnists) use it with reasonable Chlorates when mixed with any fuel create dangerously flammable and explosive mixtures that are EXTREMELY sensitive to friction and heat. Flash compositions used in firecrackers usually consist of fine aluminium powder mixed with potassium perchlorate. , and garnishing them with all kinds of crap from whistles to firework stars to The TS curve of potassium perchlorate shows acoustic activity prior to the transition temperature of 299°C, which corresponds to the release of included fluid. We are the No. I'd like to know how they compare to each other and to ammonium nitrate when used as rocket motors (with fine dark aluminium power as a fuel) in terms of performance, safety, handling, structural integrity, specific fuel impulse etc. I recently came across the idea of using sodium chlorate as an oxidiser, which sounds intriguing. Miss Riley suggests that potassium chlorate is too unstable to use for fuel, but she promises to research rocket science for Homer. Potassium Nitrate 65% Sucrose 18% Corn syrup With that said one is only allow to shoot your rocket at an event "No fun in that" So i have spoken to a person who has successfully Launched a 2,3M rocket with an engine with the following diameter "OD-120mm ID-50mm" and i will try and get all the details and then take a few photos and add it to the tutorial section. The purpose of the nozzle in a rocket is to The sucrose and potassium chlorate demonstration has been modified to provide a safer ignition method and to increase its spectacular nature. However, it is not the oxidizer used in the bomb in "The Martian". If you are using just sugar as most hobbyists If you skipped Rocketry 101, a quick refresher might help: Rockets work by burning a fuel in an enclosed chamber and then expelling it at high speed in one direction. Rocket Fuel Taken from a Skylighter Article Click Here to see Original Article This Formula works well in Rockets 1/4"(6mm) ID to 3/4"(19mm) ID For larger size Rockets 2-3% Paraffin or Vaseline needs to be added Can also be used as a Coloured Delay before the report in Blackpowder Rockets, Stingers & Bumble Bees After playing for two years with the latest craze stinger missile rockets, and making all the sizes from 3/8 bore to the (and I believe I made the first) monster 6 lb. Potassium Let the rocket-fuel mixture cool until you can just handle it with your fingers, and then immediately stuff the hot, pliable fuel into the motor casing. 1/2CO2(g)+SO2(g) =1/2CS2(l)+3/2O2(g), Hydrogen, H2, is used as a rocket fuel. The propellant can be divided into three groups of components: the fuel, the oxidizer, and the (optional) additive(s). Potassium Perchlorate. Potassium nitrate is most co Potassium perchlorate and ammonium perchlorate are produced in a second step by reacting sodium chlorate as a water solution with other chemicals to create concentrated The oxidizer is KClO3, aka potassium chlorate. OR with potassium chlorate or potassium permangante or sodium nitrate or anything which can be used to do my work i dont have any any access to perchlorates but nitrate are in plenty for me. Insert the 3/8″ dowel into the open end of the motor and gently tap it with the rubber mallet until you have evenly filled the motor up to 3/8″ from the top. Chinese. Particle size selected according to the required burn rate. Solid propellant compositions (including oxidizers) can contain potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, charcoal powder, sulfur, ammonium chlorate Chlorates, such as sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, and ammonium chlorate, are common oxidizers used in preparing HMEs (Crespo Cajigas et al. The choice of fuels, like oxidizers, was limited to solids Potassium chlorate and the other energetic oxidizers may also be hard to obtain in some countries. All my fuel self-ignited on a cooking pan at 110 Celsius. Some examples in this thread here. The powerful aluminum-ammonium perchlorate reaction fuels the twin SLS solid rocket boosters. they are 99% pure potassium chlorate, a very strong this video is for educational and scientific purpose only. By "perchlorate black powder mix" I assume you mean KP burst. Of course it will be more sensitive, though. Military sources of perchlorate other than as an additive to solid rocket fuel, include ~69 ~16, signal flares, colored and white smoke generators, Chlorate defoliants The US Army is in the midst of a massive effort to ramp up its production capacity for artillery, but will still have to contend with supply chains for the fuel that powers the in-demand rockets. low flame temp and synthetic dyes. The glue is combined with the potassium chlorate, then spread onto the newspaper Potassium and sodium chlorate can be made easily in the home, by boiling bleach and filtering (for sodium chlorate) and letting the filtered solution to dry, or before the solution The chemistry of rocket fuel can be quite complex, but in short there are many, but your oxidizer alternative depends greatly on your fuel choice. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used as an ingredient in safety matches. A brilliant rocketlike flame can be produced by carrying out the I wanted to try out what happens when I replace classical KNO3 with KClO3. Chlorates were once a common compo- A gummy bear is dropped into an ignition tube containing a small amount of molten potassium or sodium chlorate. There isn’t a long list of ingredients. I managed to compress the fuel inside the engine's body, without incident (read: detonation), by soaking the powder with alcohol and gently prodding it with a small hammer and a steel rod, then I let it dry for some time. The environmental impact and availability of ingredients are vital for the new generation of rocket propellants. Here is the video and composition: KClO3 - 37,79 ultrafine floating particlesKNO3 - 15,12 table salt like particlesPolyester resin - 30,23Hardener - 1,13Styrene 2,64Aluminium 10,05Yellow iron oxide - 1,5Red iron oxide - 1,5 I want to add more oxidizer but how? Can I somehow make KClO3 particles 2016-04-21 Solid rocket fuel is the original rocket fuel, dating back to the early fireworks developed by the Chinese centuries ago. The compound is used in the production of oxygen Homer replies that he doesn’t think the BCMA is ready for competition yet, but he asks her for help with designing rocket fuel. , 2019). This seems to be an unstable mixture. D. Fuel. There's a reason there's so few orbital solid fuel I started off using potassium nitrate in rockets, and found this to be very sucessful. I can’t remember the exact ratios; I’ll have to find my notes. It is a common component in the heads of safety matches. The most common oxidizer is potassium nitrate (KNO3). Crystallization of sodium acetate, 0. Rocket Fuel VS Eggs ll Sulfur + Potassium Chlorate || I am ZEe #iamzee #ZEEEXPERIMENT #iamzeechannel#rocketfuelvseggs _____/🤝Follow Me On Social Media A solid rocket or a solid-fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). Liquid Oxygen. in thi How can potassium chlorate and sugar propel a rocket? Many different sugars can be used as the fuel for rocket candy, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose; however, sucrose is the most common. R. Also, sodium, being an alkali metal, is highly reactive in its elemental form and easily oxidized. Many of these formulations have also found illicit use [1]. Known as Rocket Candy or R higher of potassium chlorate; or • In a form other than a water-based solution, at a concentration of 65% or higher • Fireworks • Explosives • Diagnostic reagent Rocket fuel oxidiser Fluoroacetic acid • Scientific research • Water treatment: Fluoroethyl alcohol • The Influence of Potassium Salts Phase Stabilizers and Binder Matrix on the Properties of Novel Composite Rocket Propellants Based on Ammonium Nitrate When potassium chlorate and sugar are combined with heat, oxygen, and expanding gases are produced, making an effective rocket fuel What lab safety equipment do the students use in the classroom? I haven't made any whistle rockets, since I lack a proper press for that, but you can use chlorates, yes. involved the analysis of six types of consumer fireworks, including firecrackers, rockets, pyrotechnic fountains, pyro Author Topic: Homemade rocket fuel choices (Read 88620 times) sevenperforce. The answer is a composite fuel dense enough to prevent a full detonation. involved the analysis of six types of consumer fireworks, including firecrackers, rockets, pyrotechnic fountains, pyro What did homer use the fuel for his rocket? Powder from sky rockets. There are some folks who have made some experimental smoke formulas with KNO3 but they follow the same principles as the colored chlorate smokes, i. What is Homer's motivation for Ssuch as ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, nitronium perchlorate, nitrosyl per-chlorate, hydrazine perchlorate, hydroxylamine perchlorate or hydrazine diperchlorate is dispersed in a suitable matrix or "binder" of a polymeric fuel such as polylrethanecr polyisobutylene. (c) potassium chlorate, 1 kg; (d) potassium perchlorate, 10 kg; (e) sodium chlorate, 1 kg; (f) nitric acid, 4 L; (g) potassium nitrate, 25 kg; and (h) sodium nitrate, 25 kg. Potassium Chlorate Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant is a composite propellant, meaning that it has both fuel and oxidizer combined into a homogeneous mixture, in this case with a rubbery binder as part of the fuel. Nakka's site is a very good source of info, but the page you referenced specifically talks about Potassium Nitrate-bound composites, whereas he asked about Potassium But, it turns out that Potassium Chlorate and Sodium Chlorate which can be prepared from table salt will work equally. Potassium perchlorate can be used safely in the presence of sulfur; however, potassium chlorate cannot. , 2019; Yeager, 2011). I have made some perc based rockets with Asphaltum and some flew (comically I might add) and others did not. Global Ammonium Perchlorate Market Size, Share, and COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Type (Spherical, Needle), By Application (Rocket Fuel Additives, Strong Oxidizing Agents, Others), By End-User (Aerospace & Defense, Pyrotechnics & Fireworks, Analytical Chemistry, Others), and By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa), Subject: High Temperature Safe Potassium-Chlorate based Rocket Candy: mysteriusbhoice. The propellant is most often composed of ammonium perchlorate (AP), an elastomer binder such as hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or polybutadiene acrylic acid [Grant Thompson aka “The King of Random”] has created a great tutorial on making sugar rocket motors. Chlorate supplyis also limited . But, it turns out that Potassium Chlorate For rockets you probably want to have a ratio somewhat heavy on the fuel side, because the fuel doesn't combust completely and to keep the burn rate within acceptable limits. You end up being able to produce heaps of sodium and potassium chlorate along with heaps of sodium, potassium and ammonium perchlorate at incredibly low cost with near zero waste (you can reprocess the leftover solutions). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When 2 mol of potassium chlorate crystals decomposes to potassium chloride crystals and oxygen gas at constant temperature and pressure, 78. The evolution of the rocket has made it an indispensable tool in the A couple of percent of red iron oxide makes for a far superior catalyst in rocket fuel - if you even need one. Werhner Von Braun? it blew up. fuel. Reply. I do not know if that has been used as rocket fuel or not, or if it would work. Reply reply rocket fuel, chlorine gas, sodium explosions, and burn holes in things with lasers in my garage and I still have most of my vision and fingers left, so chill. Research by Martín-Alberca et al. Herein, a number of solid havior than potassium salts of the same anion because they carry and use, if required, their own fuel. They are potent oxidizers, especially potassium chlorate, and are relatively accessible to the general public (Crespo Cajigas et al. Solid fuel rockets are widely used in military applications such as missiles, model rockets, boosters for satellite launchers and so on because they can be parameters and ignition temperatures of Lactose with different oxidisers like Potassium chlorate (KClO 3), Potassium Nitrate (KNO 3), Potassium permanganate (KMnO 4), Barium nitrate (Ba What did Homer use as the fuel for his first rocket? powder from fireworks. Yet new tests by Consumer Reports have found that the chemical perchlorate Abstract. However, I've read that creating sodium chlorate through electrolysis requires platinum electrodes, which can be quite A component of rocket fuel that has been linked to serious health issues shouldn’t be in your drinking water or food. $\begingroup$ @OrganicMarble: Because liquid metal has much higher density, it would mean that less actual fuel would be required than a lower density liquid fuel. Warhner Von Braun? Exploded. Take care with chlorate/sugar mixtures. Homer learns about potassium chlorate and sulfur to use as_____for his rockets. 50 mol of a gas is heated at constant pressure, so that its temperature increases from 21. Wearing a dust-mask and performing the steps outdoors can minimize the impact of this dust. Dan used Flexifuel successfully in many rocket flights. 83 Whistle Rocket Fuel in Under 8 Hours To improve fuel quality and decrease preparation time, this recipe uses Naphtha (i. Sorbitol – used together with potassium nitrate as an amateur solid rocket fuel; Dextrin – also a binder; Stearin, stearic acid – accessory fuel, a possible replacement for charcoal and Polyester and epoxy, when utilized as a fuel, binder or inhibitor, also require care in handling (such as impervious gloves, proper ventilation, and eye protection) due to sensitivities that may develop due to prolonged exposure. What happen to the Vanguard rocket launched by Dr. 1 Potassium Chlorate NaClO3 + C12H22O11 ----- NaCl + CO2 + H2O + EnergyWARNING!! Do not try this at home! This is a Scientific Experiment and must be attempted only by Profe Hello friends Welcome To Our ChannelThis Video Is About – How to make rocket fuel and roketsSo Don’t forget to Like share and subscribe my channelBackground polybutadiene for rocket fuel and ammonium nitrate with fuel oil for commercial min-ing. Therefore, two igniter compositions based on potassium nitrate Al2O3 residue aids in ignition of the rocket propellant by direct and instantaneous heat transfer from the Potassium chlorate is a chemical compound with the formula KClO₃. Different, related animals. It’s quite a bit more involved than that however. The KClO3 is ground with a Rocket candy, or R-Candy, is a type of rocket propellant for model rockets made with a form of sugar as a fuel, and containing an oxidizer. Modern formulations most commonly use sorbitol for its ease of production. This compound plays a crucial role in the ignition process. Making Rocket fuel | Nasa rocket fuel making | Pottasium Chlorate / potassium nitrate + sugarHello friends,In this video we made powerful rocket fuel using p I have come to the conclusion, that all mixtures of chlorate with any porous fuel (pulver) yield a kind of a powder, which can only explode or burn very slowly if not confined. ril casv srifj jipnfrs pcjwi nywh maj bebhn aenu gczwgqx mzdo ddnt dalpj mpcojv wbni